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Audio Stop 205

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A nearly nude, muscular man with pale, peachy skin sits in an underground cave among seven male and two female lions in this horizontal painting. The man sits to our right of center with his legs crossed, elbows close to his body with hands clasped by his chest. His head tips back to look up through a small opening above. He has long, wavy, chestnut-brown hair and dark eyes. A white cloth wraps across his hips, and he sits on a scarlet-red swath of fabric draped up over a rock next to him. The nine lions stalk, sit, or lie down around the man. One male lion next to the man, to our left, opens his mouth with his head thrown back, curling tongue extended beyond long fangs. A human skull and other bones are strewn on the dirt ground close to us. The rocky cave curves up around the animals and man to a narrow, round opening showing blue sky above.

Sir Peter Paul Rubens

Daniel in the Lions' Den, c. 1614/1616

West Building, Main Floor — Gallery 45

国家动物园大型猫科动物馆馆长Craig Saffoe探讨Rubens在表现一个重要戏剧性时刻时对狮子的描绘。

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讲解员:
圣经人物但以理专注地仰望天空,双手合十,祈求上帝拯救他。但以理拒绝膜拜巴比伦国王。巴比伦国王恼怒之下将但以理丢进狮穴,认定但以理必将被狮群撕裂。弗拉芒画家彼得·保罗·鲁本斯技艺娴熟地描绘了群狮像。

克雷格·萨福:
从解剖学角度看,我认为这些狮子的结构都画得非常到位。我叫克雷格·萨福,负责史密森尼国家动物园“大猫展”的策展工作。  

讲解员:
鲁本斯在大约1616年创作了这幅画,当时他可以近距离研究布鲁塞尔皇家兽栏里的真狮子。不妨看看右下角的那两头狮子。

克雷格·萨福:
它们互相发出低吼,龇牙咧嘴——这是狮子的常态。这种行为甚至不一定是直白的敌对信号。它们可能只是在争地上我所看到的那点残骸。
 
可以看到,这里的大猫表情各异。如果这么多丰富的神态都是画家想要捕捉下来的,那么他确实做得漂亮。背景里打哈欠的那头狮子同样画得惟妙惟肖。而打哈欠的这头下方紧挨着的狮子则满眼沉思,仿佛在凝视潜在的猎物。最底下的狮子完全睡着了。

这些大猫当然会激起观者的情感反应,其中一种情感反应就是意识到人类与野兽的对立。

讲解员:
这里我们看到但以理努力求生的瞬间。他对上帝的信仰坚定不移。在这种信仰的保护下,他幸免于难,不用在狮穴里英年早逝。

鲁本斯精湛的画技以及他对周遭环境的用心钻研都透过这里的狮子群像清晰地显示出来。借助这些特质,他迎来艺术生涯中的巨大成功,资助他的王公贵族遍及整个欧洲。
 

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