Skip to Main Content

Audio Stop 20

00:00 00:00
Tall, narrow, black building fronts fill this abstracted, horizontal painting. Partitions separating the buildings extend above the rooflines, and those, along with low domes atop some of the buildings, brush the top edge of the canvas. The narrow band of sky between the flat rooflines and the top of the composition is filled with cream-white paint, applied heavily in thick strokes. The buildings are painted with wide, horizontal strokes of black paint. The outlines of doors, windows, and the brick partitions between the buildings were incised into wet paint to delineate those features. Some of the outlines are also streaked with cobalt blue, butter yellow, brick red, and plum purple. Six people with oversized, round, peach-colored heads on spindly black bodies look out at us from windows across the composition. Cartoon-like eyes, noses, and smiling mouths are incised into wet paint. Along the bottom level, the buildings are numbered 78, 80, 82, and 84. Signs, also incised in wet, black paint to reveal white outlines, appear over the doors. The leftmost building reads “OPTICIEN” above “Leroy.” The next store is “PARFUMS,” then “MODES,” “Coiffeur,” “JOURNEAX,” “PRIMEURS,” and “BAR.” Under “PRIMEURS,” a sign on the store front reads “FRUITS ET LEGUMES.” Two people walk along the street, at the bottom of the canvas. One is to our left of center and stands facing us, smiling. The other is to our right, also smiling as he walks to our left in profile.

Jean Dubuffet

Façades d'immeubles (Building Façades), 1946

East Building, Upper Level — Gallery 407-A

幕墙

杜布菲

让·杜布菲认为在第二次世界大战后,绘画艺术必须从零开始,于是他开始从没有受过训练的艺术家的作品中寻求灵感,尤其是儿童和自学成才的艺术家。他将这些作品收集起来,称之为“原生艺术”。在这幅《幕墙》中,杜布菲展示了他的“原生艺术”风格。他使用孩子在教室里的画画的方法,也就是在事先涂上彩色的纸上涂一层黑漆,然后用刮去黑漆的方式,勾勒出孩子眼中的巴黎街头景象。不过,精心布置的网格和壮观的整面墙绘,彰显了杜布菲的现代主义风格理念。

Read full audio transcript

NARRATOR:

为了创作这幅画,让·杜布菲 (Jean Dubuffet) 采用您可能在小学试过的基本技法。他在画布上运用多层颜料,然后用黑色颜料覆盖,然后刮掉颜料层,创作出这种景象。

现代艺术策展人和负责人哈里·库珀描述这位艺术家的方法。

HARRY COOPER:

他非常有兴趣抛弃美术学院的所有技巧,以似乎他不知道任何东西的方式重新开始。第二次世界大战后,他有种感觉,觉得他们不能只是继续做曾经做过的事情,当时许多欧洲人也持有同样的想法。他们必须尝试选择更加基本和更加直接的东西。旧的技法不可行。旧的方法在政治上不奏效,在艺术上也行不通。我们在这里看到的结果真的看起来像非常直接,几乎没有经过训练的爆发式绘画。我想这就是他要的效果。

NARRATOR:

杜布菲着迷于未经过训练的人创作的艺术,尤其是儿童和精神病患者——他把这种类型称为“原生艺术”。在这幅画上,他描述平面和混乱的风景,正如儿童可能创作出的作品,毫无三维空间感。但这部作品让人误以为很简单。请注意他如何使用颜色以及一丝不苟和机智诙谐的细节赋予场景生气。

HARRY COOPER:

我认为这种颜色吸引着我们。它让我们有受到欢迎的感觉,它让这幅画更好玩和更有趣。但在有些非常精细的描画中——如果您看着栏杆、扶手和砖工——他有时候会大刀阔斧地削切和涂抹。但有时候刮痕非常细腻和引人入胜。

NARRATOR:

作为不知疲倦的创新者,杜布菲试验种类繁多的手段和技法。您在这里看到的涂鸦风格技法以及他总的艺术创作方法影响了二十世纪晚期的一代艺术家,包括让·米歇尔·巴斯奎特 (Jean-Michel Basquiat)。

博物馆东馆参观指南