The Dead Toreador, probably 1864

Inscription

lower right: Manet

Provenance

From the artist in 1872 to (Durand-Ruel, Paris); sold 1874 to Jean-Baptiste Faure [1830-1914], Paris; sold 1892 back to (Durand-Ruel, Paris); sold to (Cottier & Co., New York); sold 1894 to Peter A.B. Widener, Lynnewood Hall, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania; inheritance from Estate of Peter A.B. Widener by gift through power of appointment of Joseph E. Widener, Elkins Park; gift 1942 to NGA.

Exhibition History

1864

Salon of 1864, Paris, no. 1282

1865

Galerie Martinet, Paris, February 1865, no. 2.

1867

Tableaux de Edouard Manet, Avenue de l'Alma, Paris, 1867, no. 5 as L'Homme mort.

1868

Exposition maritime internationale, Le Havre, 1868

1869

Exposition de la Société des Amis des Arts de Lyon, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon, 1869.

1884

Exposition Manet, Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris, 1884, no. 24

1889

Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1889, no. 488

1893

World's Columbian Exposition, Department of Fine Arts, Chicago, 1893, no. 3057.

1932

Exposition Manet, Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris, 1932, no. 19

1950

Diamond Jubilee Exhibition: Masterpieces of Painting, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1950-1951, no. 69, repro.

1966

Edouard Manet, 1832-1883, Philadelphia Museum of Art; The Art Institute of Chicago, 1966-1967, no. 59, repro. (Philadelphia only)

1982

Manet and Modern Paris, National Gallery of Art, 1982-1983, no. 77, repro.

1983

Manet, Grand Palais, Paris; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1983, no. 73

1985

Manet, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, 1985, no. 61, repro.

1986

Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Masterpieces from the National Gallery of Art, Washington, State Hermitage Museum, Leningrad; State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, 1986, no. 12, repro.

1987

Triumph und Tod des Helden, Wallraf-Richartz-Museums, Cologne; Kunsthaus, Zurich; Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon, 1987-1988, no. 45, repro.

1989

Manet, Ordrupgaardsamlingen, Copenhagen, 1989, no. 11, repro.

1992

Edouard Manet: Augenblicke der Geschichte, Städtischen Kunsthalle Mannheim, Germany, 1992-1993, no. 4, repro.

1992

Edouard Manet: The Execution of Maximilian, National Gallery, London, 1992, no. 26, fig. 31.

1999

Manet's 'The Dead Toreador' and 'The Bullfight': Fragments of a Lost Salon Painting Reunited, The Frick Collection, New York, 1999, pl. 1.

2001

Manet/Velázquez, La manière espagnole au XIXe siècle [Manet/Velázquez, The French Taste for Spanish Painting], Musée d'Orsay, Paris; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2002-2003, no. 84, fig. 104 (Paris cat.), no. 141, fig. 9.49 (New York cat.).

2003

Manet en el Prado, Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, 2003-2004, no. 60, repro.

2006

Manet and the Execution of Maximilian, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2006-2007, unnumbered catalogue, fig. 15.

2010

Loan for display with permanent collection, Worcester Art Museum, 2010-2011.

2010

Manet et le Paris moderne, Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum, Tokyo, 2010, no. I-7, repro.

2011

Manet, inventeur du Moderne [Manet: The Man Who Invented Modernity], Musée d'Orsay, Paris, 2011, no. 89, figs. 19 and 139.

2014

Manet, Cezanne, Van Gogh - aus aller Welt zu Gast, Städtische Kunsthalle Mannheim, 2014-2015, unnumbered catalogue, repro.

Bibliography

1864

About, Edmond. Salon de 1864. Paris, 1864:156

1864

Burger, W., pseud. "Charles Baudelaire et les coincidences mysterieuses." L'Indépendance belge (26 June 1864)

1864

Burger, W., pseud. "Le Salon de 1864 à Paris." L'Indépendance belge (15 June 1864)

1864

Callias, Hector de. "Le Salon de 1864." L'Artiste (1 June 1864):242

1864

Cham, pseud. "Croquis." Le Charivari (22 May 1864)

1864

Gauthier, Théophile. "Salon de 1864, 8e article." Le moniteur universel. (25 June 1864):87

1864

Leroy, Louis. "Salon de 1864." Le Charivari (25 May 1864)

1864

Navary, Raoul de, pseud. "Salon de 1864." Gazette des Etrangers (7 June 1864)

1864

Pays, Augustin Joseph du. "Salon de 1864." L'Illustration (16 July 1864)

1867

Chronique des Arts et de la Curiosité no. 187 (2 June 1867): 174.

1867

Spuller, Eugène. "Edouard Manet et sa peinture." Le Naine jaune (9 June 1867)

1867

Zola, Emile. "Une nouvelle manière en peinture--Edouard Manet." Revue du XIXe Siècle (1 January 1867):34

1873

Silvestre, Paul Armand. Galerie Durand-Ruel. Paris, London and Brussels, 1873:24

1883

Chennevières-Pointel, Philippe, marquis de. Souvenirs d'un Directeur des Beaux-Arts. 5 vols. Paris, 1883-1889:I:40.

1884

Bazire, Edmond. Manet. Paris, 1884: 40-42, 71, 114

1884

Gonse, Louis. "Manet." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 29 (February 1884):140

1884

Péladon, Joséphin. "Le procédé de Manet d'après l'Exposition faire à l'Ecole des Beaux-arts." L'Artiste 1 1(February 1884): 109

1889

"Au Palais de Beaux-Arts." Le Moderniste illustré (27 July 1889): 108-109.

1897

Proust, Antonin. "Edouard Manet inédit." La revue blanche (15 February 1897):174

1902

Duret, Théodore. Histoire d'Edouard Manet et de son oeuvre.Paris, 1902: no. 51.

1904

Mayclair, Camille.L'Impressionisme, son histoire, son esthétique, ses maîtres. Paris, 1904:52, repro. 35.

1908

"P.A.B. Widener Collection, February 1st, 1908." Typescript, 2 vols., Library, National Gallery of Art, 1908: 73, repro.

1910

Duret, Théodore. Manet and the French Impressionists. Translated by J.E. Crawford Flitch. London and Philadelphia, 1910: 23, 203, 217-218, no. 51.

1910

Waldmann, Emil. "Französische Bilder in Amerikanische Privatbesitz." Kunst und Künstler 9 (December 1910): 134,136-137.

1910

Wladmann, Emil. "Edouard Manet in der Sammlung Pellerin." Kunst und Künstler 8 (May 1910): 388n.

1912

Hourticq, Louis, Jean Laran and Georges Le Bas. French Artists of Our Day: Edouard Manet. Philadelphia and London, 1912:19-20, repro.

1912

Meier-Graefe, Julius. Edouard Manet. Munich, 1912: 61, 66, 310

1913

Proust, Antonin. Edouard Manet. Paris, 1913: 47.

1915

Roberts, William. Pictures in the Collection of P.A.B. Widener at Lynnewood Hall, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania: British and Modern French Schools, Philadelphia, 1915: unpaginated, repro.

1919

Duret, Théodore. Histoire de Edouard Manet et de son oeuvre. Paris, 1919: no. 51.

1922

Jean-Aubry, Georges. Eugène Boudin, d'après des documents inédits, l'homme et l'oeuvre. Paris, 1922:68-69

1923

Paintings in the Collection of Joseph Widener at Lynnewood Hall. Intro. by Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, 1923: unpaginated, repro.

1925

Rosenthal, Leon. "Manet et l'Espagne." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 5e period, XII (September - October 1925): :205-206, 208, 120, 212

1926

Moreau-Nélaton, Etienne. Manet, raconté par lui-même. 2 vols. Paris, 1926: I:56-59, 62, 65-66, 110, 132-133; II:108-109.

1930

Cortissoz, Royal. The Painter's Craft. New York and London, 1930: 221

1931

Paintings in the Collection of Joseph Widener at Lynnewood Hall. Intro. by Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, 1931: 168, repro.

1931

Tabarant, Adolphe. Manet: histoire catalographique. Paris, 1931: no. 73.

1932

Bazin, Germaine. "Manet et la tradition." L'Amour de l'Art 13, no. 5 (May 1932): 156, 162.

1932

Bouyer, Raymond. "Les expositions." Le Bulletin de l'Art ancien et modern. (July-September 1932): 266

1932

Colin, Paul. Edouard Manet. Paris, 1932:24

1932

Huyghe, Rene. "Manet, peintre." L'Amour de l'Art 13, no. 5 (May 1932):171, 179.

1932

Jamot, Paul, and Georges Wildenstein. Manet. 2 vols. Paris, 1932: 1:27, 78-79, 89, 126-127, no. 83.

1932

La Revue de l'Art 62 no. 338 (July-September 1932): 266, repro.

1932

Rich, Daniel Catton. "The Spanish Backgroud for Manet's Early Work." Parnassus 4 (February 1932):1-5

1933

Lambert, Elie. "Manet et l'Espagne." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 9 (June 1933):374, 376, 379-380

1935

Tietze, Hans. Meisterwerke europäischer Malerei in Amerika. Vienna, 1935: 286, repro. (English ed., Masterpieces of European Painting in America. New York, 1939: 286, repro.).

1936

Tietze, Hans. "Manet and a So-Called Velazquez." The Burlington Magazine 69 (August 1936): 74, 85, repro.

1938

Brimo, René. L'évolution du goût aux Etats-Unis d'après l'histoire des collections. Paris, 1938: 117

1938

Rey, Robert. Manet. New York and Paris, 1938:119

1938

Waldmann, Emil. "Die Sammlung Widener." Pantheon 22 (November 1938): 335, repro.

1939

Tietze, Hans. Masterpieces of European Painting in America. New York, 1939: 328, repro.

1939

Venturi, Lionello. Les archives de l'impressionnisme. 2 vols. Paris and New York, 1939: II: 189-190

1940

J.W. "The Widener Gift." Magazine of Art 33 (November 1940):606-609

1940

Widener, Peter A.B. Without Drums. New York. 1940: 60.

1941

Jedlicka, Gotthard. Edouard Manet. Erlenbach and Zurich, 1941:234.

1941

Whitehill, Virginia N. Stepping Stones in Nineteenth Century Painting. New York, 1941:27

1942

"Changes at the Frick." The New York Times (9 August 1942): 6X.

1942

Tabarant, Adolphe. La vie artistique au temps de Baudelaire. Paris,1942:393

1942

The Sunday Star, Washington (6 September 1942): 3, repro.

1946

Huth, Hans. "Impressionism Comes to America." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 29 (April 1946):246

1947

Baudelaire, Charles. Correspondance générale. 4 vols, Jacques Crepet, ed. Paris, 1947-1953:226-228, 249-250, 275-278

1947

Florisoone, Michel. Manet. Monaco, 1947:XX, 24, 122

1947

Tabarant, Adolphe. Manet et ses oeuvres. Paris, 1947:82-87, 195, 491, 512, 605

1948

Bex, Maurice. Manet. Columbia series New York, 1948: 10, 21, pl.11

1948

Paintings and Sculpture from the Widener Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1948 (reprinted 1959): 105, repro.

1951

Sloane, Joseph C. French Painting between the Past and the Present. Princeton, 1951: 194, repro. pl. 66 [Reprint 1973]

1951

Sloane, Joseph C. "Manet and History." The Art Quarterly 14 (Summer 1951): 103

1952

Babelon, Jean. "La España de Manet y el Manet de España." Clavileño: Revista de la Associación Internacional de Hispanismo 3 (1952):19-20

1952

Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds., Great Paintings from the National Gallery of Art. New York, 1952: 152, color repro.

1953

Crepet, Jacques, ed. Baudelaire: Correspondance generale IV (nov. 1861-1864). Paris, 1953: 227-228, 249

1954

Hamilton, George Heard. Manet and His Critics. New Haven, 1954:32-34, 52-64, 65, 69, 97-98, 118, 155, 157, 161, 264, repro. pl. 8-9

1954

Sandblad, Nils Gösta. Manet: Three Studies in Artistic Conception. Lund, 1954:150, 155, 156

1955

Bataille, Georges. Manet. Translated by Austryn Wainhouse and James Emmons. Lausanne, 1955: 14.

1955

Vaudoyer, Jean-Louis. E. Manet. Paris, 1955: no. 15

1956

Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York, 1956: 52, repro.

1958

Richardson, John. Edouard Manet: Paintings and Drawings. London, 1958: no. 23, repro.

1959

Hemmings, F.W.J. and Niess, Roberts, eds. Emile Zola: Salons. Geneva, 1959: 96, 258

1959

National Gallery of Art. Paintings and Sculpture from the Widener Collection. Reprint. Washington, DC, 1959: 105, repro.

1960

Lethève, Jacques. "Impressionists ad Symbolists and Journalists." Art News Annual 2 (1960):44

1963

Lowry, Bates. Muse or Ego: Salon and Independent Artisits of the 1880s. Claremont, 1963: 33

1963

Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. New York, 1963 (reprinted 1964 in French, German, and Spanish): 323, repro.

1965

Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 81.

1966

Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds. A Pageant of Painting from the National Gallery of Art. 2 vols. New York, 1966: 2:424, color repro.

1966

Hamilton, George Heard. "Is Manet Still Modern?" Art News Annual 31 (1966):107, 118, 160.

1966

Hanson, Anne Coffin. Edouard Manet 1832-1883. Exh. cat. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1966:13, 78-81, no. 59

1966

Hudson, Andrew. "Viewpoint on Art." The Washington Post (25 September 1966)

1967

Ackerman, Gerald M. "Gerôme and Manet." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 70 (September 1967:163-176

1967

Schmierer, Martha and Richard Verdi. "Thoughts Arising from the Philadelphia-Chicago Manet Exhibition." The Art Quarterly 30 (Fall-Winter 1967):240, 251

1968

Jean-Aubry, Georges, with Robert Schmit. Eugène Boudin. Paris, 1968: 68.

1968

Liebmann, Kurt. Edouard Manet. Dresden, 1968:15, pl. 13

1968

National Gallery of Art. European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. Washington, 1968: 71, repro.

1968

Schneider, Pierre. The World of Manet, 1832-1883. New York, 1968:32-33, 60

1968

The Frick Collection: An Illustrated Catalogue, vol. 2, Paintings, French, Italian and Spanish. New York, 1968:154.

1969

Farwell, Beatrice. "Manet's Espada and Marcantonio." Metropolitan Museum of Art Journal 2 (1969):199

1969

Fried, Michael. "Manet's Sources, Aspects of his Art, 1859-1865." Artforum 7 (March 1969):56, 66, 67

1969

Isaacson, Joel. Manet and Spain. Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1969:36

1969

Reff. Theodore. "'Manet's Sources': A Critical Evaluation." Artforum 8 (September 1969):42

1969

Spencer, Michael Clifford. The Art Criticism of Théophile Gaultier. Geneva, 1969:67

1970

Hanson, Anne Coffin. "Edouard Manet, 'Les Citanos,' and the Cut Canvas."The Burlington Magazine 112 (March 1970): 158-162.

1970

Orienti, Sandra and Denis Rouart. Edouard Manet. Paris, 1970:64

1970

Orienti, Sandra. The Complete Paintings of Manet. London, 1970:93

1971

Gállego, Julian. "Goya en el arte moderno." Goya (January-February 1971):256

1971

Nochlin, Linda. Realism. Baltimore, 1971:64, 253

1972

Bazin, Germain. Edouard Manet. Milan, 1972:8, 19, 22, 24, 42, 89

1973

Finley, David Edward. A Standard of Excellence: Andrew W. Mellon Founds the National Gallery of Art at Washington. Washington, 1973: 93.

1973

Meyer, Ruth K. "Jean Léon Gerôme; The Role of Subject Matter and the Importance of Formalized Composition." Arts Magazine 47 (February 1973):33-34

1974

Callen, Anthea. "Faure and Manet." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 83 (March 1974): 163, 171.

1975

European Paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1975: 208, repro.

1975

Mauner, George. Manet: Peintre-Philosophe; A Study of the Painter's Themes. University Park, PA, and London, 1975:111, 138-141, 144, 147

1975

Rouart, Denis and Daniel Wildenstein. Edouard Manet, catalogue raisonné 2 vols. Lausanne and Paris, 1975:I:80-1, no. 72

1976

Greenwood, Michael. "Towards a Definition of Realism." Artscanada 33 (December 1976-January 1977):9-10

1976

Reff, Theodore. "Review of Eduard Manet, Catalogue raisonné by Denis Rouart and Daniel Wildenstein," Art Bulletin (1976): 636.

1977

Hanson, Anne Coffin. Manet and the Modern Tradition. New Haven and London, 1977:82,85,119,156,169-170,204, repro. 55

1977

Reff, Theodore. Manet: Olympia. New York, 1977:45

1978

Berhaut, Marie. Caillebotte, sa vie et son oeuvre. Catalogue raisonne des peintures et pastels. Paris, 1978: 34.

1978

King, Marian. Adventures in Art: National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. New York, 1978: 84, pl. 51.

1978

Takás, Marianne H. "Deux paintres espagnols ayant servi de modèles a Manet." Acta Historiae Artium 24 no. 1-4 (1978): 397+, repro.

1980

Kelder, Diane. The Great Book of French Impressionism. New York, 1980: 70, 71, repro.

1981

Farwell, Beatrice. "Manet and the Nude: A Study in Iconography in the Second Empire." Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1973. New York, 1981:171-172, 205-206, 293-294, 325.

1982

Ross, Novelene. Manet's 'Bar at the Folies-Bergère' and the Myths of Popular Illustration. Ann Arbor, 1982:8

1983

Stuckey, Charles F. "Manet Revised: Whodunit?" Art in America 71 (November 1983): repro. 163.

1984

Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 449, no. 647, color repro.

1985

European Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1985: 242, repro.

1991

Darragon, Eric. Manet. Paris, 1991:137, repro.

1991

Kopper, Philip. America's National Gallery of Art: A Gift to the Nation. New York, 1991: 197, 198, color repro.

1991

Wilson-Bareau, Juliet, ed. Manet by Himself: Paintings, Pastels, Prints & Drawings. London, 1991: no. 72, repro.

1992

Carr-Gomm, Sarah. Manet. London, 1992: 68, repro.

1992

Stevenson, Lesley. Manet. New York, 1992: 66-67, repro.

1992

Wilson-Bareau, Juliet. Manet, The Execution of Maximilian: Painting, Politics and Censorship. London, 1992: 41-44, repro.

1993

Perutz, Vivien. Edouard Manet. London and Toronto, 1993: repro. 75.

1994

Lemaire, Gerard-Georges. Manet. Milan, 1994: 34, repro.

1994

Rubin, James H. Manet's Silence and the Poetics of Bouquets. Cambridge, 1994: repro. no. 46

1996

Körner, Hans. Edouard Manet: Dandy, Flaneur, Maler. Munich, 1996: 85, 88, 228, color fig. 68.

1997

Fernandez, Dominique and Ferrante Ferranti. Le Musée d'Émile Zola :haines et passion, 1997, p. 91, repro.

1997

Kelder, Diane. The Great Book of French Impressionism. New York, 1997: no. 78, repro.

1997

Paris-Bruxelles; Bruxelles-Paris. Exh. cat. Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris; musée des Beaux-Arts, Gand, 1997:10

1998

Galligan, Gregory. "The Self Pictured: Manet, the Mirror, and the Occupation of Realist Painting." Art Bulletin 80, no. 1 (March 1993): 160-161, repro.

1998

Shefer, Elain. "Death." In Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography, edited by Helene E. Roberts. 2 vols. Chicago, 1998: 1:232.

1998

Zuffi, Stefano and Francesca Castira. La peinture moderne des impressionnistes aux avant-gardes. Paris, 1998: repro. 103.

1999

Daumier. Exh. cat. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, The Phillips Collection, Washington, 1999-2000:178, repro.

2008

Locke, Nancy. "Manet Exhibits in Lyon in 1869." The Burlington Magazine 150 no. 1262 (May 2008): 323, color fig. 32.

2013

Pludermacher, Isolde. "La Sociéte des amis des arts." In Le Cercle de l'art moderne. Exh. cat. Musée du Luxembourg, Paris, 2013: 33, repro.

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