Born in Athlone, county Westmeath, Ireland, John McCormack was an operatic and concert tenor. He studied in Milan, made his operatic debut in Cavalleria Rusticana, in London, and was engaged by the Covent Garden [London] opera for the 1905-06 season. He joined the Manhattan Opera Company in 1909, and later the Chicago Grand Opera Company, Metropolitan Opera Company and the Monte Carlo Opera Company. Among his notable roles were Rodolphe in La Bohème, Faust, Pinkerton in Madame Butterfly, and Don Ottavio in Don Giovanni. As an Irish nationalist, he did not appear in England during World War I, but took American citizenship in 1917 [Webster's, 1971, gives this date as 1919], and turned to popular sentimental and Irish songs. McCormack was raised to the papal peerage as a count in 1928.